ABSTRACT
The erythrogram and hemoglobin types in Canindé goats were determined. Twenty blood samples were collected from the animals and used for determination of packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocytes counts, hemoglobin concentration, calculation of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and electrophoretic separation of hemoglobin types. The values for erythrogram were: PCV 34.6±4.62 percent, hemoglobin 10.1±1.05mg/dl, erythrocytes 15.3±4.54x106/mm3, MCV 24.0±5.83fl, and MCHC 29.3±2.44g/dl. Electrophoretic separation of hemoglobin types revealed only one type characterized as hemoglobin A (HbAA).
Subject(s)
Animals , Erythrocyte Count/methods , Hemoglobins/physiology , Blood Protein Electrophoresis/methods , Goats , Hemoglobins/analysisABSTRACT
La deficiencia de hierro es el problema nutricional más común en el mundo así la anemia ferropénica es la enfermedad hematológica más frecuente de la infancia, constituye una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo entero. Con el propósito de determinar la prevalencia de anemia ferropénica en escolares de 1ro a 6to grado de la Escuela Bolivariana Las Dos Bocas, Municipio Colonia del Estado Falcón, en el lapso comprendido entre febrero-junio 2004; se realizó un estudio descriptivo, diagnóstico y transversal, con muestreo probabilístico simple, que incluyó 24 escolares se determinó: hemoglobina, hematocrito, índices hematimétricos por técnica semi-automatizada y niveles séricos de hierro y ferritina, a través del test inmunoenzimático ELISA. Los valores de referencia fueron los establecidos como normales por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El 58,3 por ciento de los escolares presentó niveles de Hb y Hto bajos. El 71,4 por ciento de los escolares anémicos presentó índices hematimétricos bajos. El 25 por ciento mostró niveles de hierro debajo de lo normal y el 41,6 por ciento presentó niveles bajos de ferritina. La prevalencia de anemia ferropénica obtenida fue de 25 por ciento ferropenía sin anemia 16,6 por ciento . El valor promedio de Hb encontrado en escolares sin déficit de hierro fue 11,75 g/dl. Se concluye que la prevalencia de anemia ferropénica es alta en el Estado Falcón. Se hace nesesario la determinación de hierro sérico y ferritina sérica para el diagnóstico específico de la anemia por déficit de hierro.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/physiopathology , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Ferritins/administration & dosage , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/physiology , Spectrophotometry/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pediatrics , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The present study was conducted on 60 active classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis [RA] patients. They were classified into two groups: Group [I] 30 patients were taking conventional therapy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs [DMARDs]. Group [2] 30 patients were taking the same drugs but in addition they were subjected to light laser radiation therapy. Ten osteoarthritis [OA] patients were enrolled as a reference [control] group. All subjects were matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. The changes in hemoglobin [Hb] molecular structure were studied, to reveal the effect of light laser irradiation therapy on Hb molecular structure and the advantage of light laser therapy as supplement treatment with conventional drug therapy. There was a significant improvement in the modulation of molecular Hb entropy and in enhancement of Hb oxygen affinity
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemoglobins/physiology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/drug therapyABSTRACT
Individuals with methemoglobin exceeding 1.5 g/dl have clinically obvious central cyanosis. Hereditary methemoglobinemia is due either to autosomal dominant M hemoglobins or to autosomal recessive enzymopenic methemoglobinemia. Four types of enzymopenic methemoglobinemia have been described. In addition to methemoglobinemia, individuals with type II, which is the generalized cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, have severe and progressive neurological disabilities. Here we report a 3-year-old Thai boy with type II hereditary enzymopenic methemoglobinemia. He was born to a second-cousin couple. His central cyanosis was first observed around 10 months of age. His neurological abnormalities were seizures beginning at 1 year of age, microcephaly, and inability to hold his head up. His cardiovascular and pulmonary evaluations were unremarkable. Methemoglobin level by spectral absorption pattern was 18 per cent. A qualitative enzymatic assay confirmed the deficiency of the cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme. With this definite diagnosis, a prenatal diagnosis for the next child of this couple will be possible.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Cytochrome Reductases/deficiency , Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase , Hemoglobins/physiology , Humans , Male , Methemoglobin/metabolism , Methemoglobinemia/diagnosis , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Oxygen/metabolism , Pedigree , Severity of Illness Index , ThailandABSTRACT
Blood oxygen affinity and red blood cell properties were measured in three subspecies of genus Bufo: Bufo spinulosus limensis, collected at sea level and at an average day temperature of 20§C; Bufo spinulosus trifolium, from 3100 m, average day temperature of 15§C; and Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus, from 4100 m, average day temperature of 10§C. Electrophoresis of the hemoglobin showed the same component in each of the three subspecies. At 20§C the blood oxygen affinities (P50) showed small differences between Bufo spinulosus limensis and Bufo spinulosus trifolium, whereas the value for Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus was markedly lower. At 10§C, the ambient temperature of Bufo spinulosus flavolineatus, the P50 was extremely low compared with the other two subspecies at their corresponding ambient temperatures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adaptation, Physiological , Altitude , Bufonidae/physiology , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Oxygen/blood , Bufonidae/metabolism , Electrophoresis , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Hemoglobins/physiology , Oxygen/physiology , TemperatureSubject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Thrombosis , Thrombosis/complications , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Thrombosis/metabolism , Thrombosis/pathology , Thrombosis/blood , Blood Platelets/physiology , Blood Platelets/metabolism , Blood Platelets/pathology , Hemoglobins/adverse effects , Hemoglobins/physiology , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Altitude , Hematocrit/adverse effects , Hematocrit/methodsABSTRACT
The oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobin (Hb) from the adult terrestrial turtle Geochelone carbonaria are described. Turtle hemoglobins have a low intrinsic oxygen affinity and a low sensitivity to an endogenous cofactor (ATP) usually present at high concentrations in the reptile erythrocytes. The amplitude of the Bohr effect for O2 binding was virtually the same in the absence and presence of saturating ATP concentrations (deltalogP50/deltapH, about -0.60) and increased in the total hemolysate (-0.83). The large Bohr effect found in G. carbonaria Hb may be important for 02 delivery to the tissue. The degree of cooperativity displayed by Hb for 02 binding ranged between 1.5 and 2.0 in stripped solution and total hemolysate. These observations suggest the stability of the low affinity conformation, which needs to be confirmed by additional experiments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Hemoglobins/physiology , Oxygen/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Bothrops/physiology , Turtles/physiologyABSTRACT
La gallina doméstica (Gallus gallus) fue inducida en Sud-América con la conquista española. Esta (Gal-NM), presenta una baja afinidad de la hemoglobina por el O2 (Hb-O2) e hipereritremia. Sin embargo hemos encontrado en Taraco (Puno, 4,000 m), y reproducido a nivel del mar, un grupo de gallinas con una alta afinidad de la Hb-O2 y ausencia de la hiperetremia (Gal-ALT). La afinidad de la Hb-O2(P50) fue determinada por el método de las mezclas en sangre total y en Hb libre de fosfatos (Hb-Lavada) antes y despúes de la adición de inositol hexafosfato (IHP) . La adición de la IHP se comportó de manera diferente en las dos hemoglobinas lavadas. La diferencia (Hb-lavada-Hb+IHP) fue 42.2 torr para Gal-NM y 26.3 torr para Gal-ALT, lo que es una indicación de que Hb de la Gal-ALT es fosfato-dependiente. Una mutación, Thr-->Ser, encontrada en la posición 69 de la cadena ß podría haber inducido la fosfato-dependencia. Nuestro hallazgo muestra un cambio en la función de la Hb, adquirido en un período evolutivo extremadamente corto de aproximadamente 500 años; muestra también, que individuos de una misma especie, que viven a NM y en la altura, pueden diferenciarse genéticamente mediante un cambio en la función de la Hb como reflejo de un cambio en su estructura.
Subject(s)
Animals , Altitude Sickness/veterinary , Hemoglobins/genetics , Hemoglobins/physiology , Phytic Acid/blood , Phytic Acid , Altitude Sickness/genetics , Mutation/geneticsABSTRACT
El objetivo primordial del presente trabajo es dar una visión general de las características que presenta el hierro en el cuerpo humano y hacer una recopilación de los métodos más recientemente propuestos para su determinación. Esta visión pretende ser una clasificación general de metodologías, ilustradas con ejemplos de casos propuestos por los investigadores actuales para que pueda servir de punto de arranque en un mayor estudio; algo que, creemos, es de la mayor importancia. Se hará así un exhautivo recorrido por lo publicado desde enero de 1983 hasta enero de 1990
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adult , Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods , Iron/analysis , Anemia/diagnosis , Elements , Hemochromatosis/diagnosis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hemoglobins/physiology , Hemosiderosis , Iron/deficiency , Iron/metabolism , Polycythemia , Reference ValuesSubject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anthropometry , Biochemistry , Nutrition Disorders , Serum Albumin/administration & dosage , Albumins , Anemia/diagnosis , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/physiology , ProteinsABSTRACT
Os autores discutem o comportamento das hemoglobinas humanas. Mostram que no período embrionário, que do 1§ ao 3§ mês de vida intra-uterina, existem as hemoglobinas chamadas embrionárias, designadas Gower1, Gower2 e Portland. A partir do 3§ mês toda a hemoglobina é representada pelo tipo fetal. Mostram que foram descritas 572 hemoglobinas até a presente data. Analisam o comportamento genético das hemoglobinas C, D e E que apresentam a mesma forma de herança, isto é, säo alelos. Exemplificam o caso de uma associaçäo de Hb S-Hopkins-2, onde se demonstrou näo haver alelismo, pois seus defeitos se encontram nas cadeias beta e alfa, respectivamente. Abordam o problema moderno da anemia falciforme e chamam atençäo para o mecanismo da adesividade eritrocitária como um fator a mais na crise vaso-oclusiva. Propöem um esquema terapêutico de emergência para a anemia falciforme, empregando a hidrocortisona associada a um analgésico, com melhora em 95% dos casos da crise dolorosa em 60 minutos. Por fim, analisam o comportamento das diferentes formas de talassemia e enfatizam a necessidade do uso da desferroxamina B, no regime transfusional com o objetivo de manter o nível de hemoglobina em torno de 12g/100ml. Chamam atençäo para a transfusäo de neócitos, ainda impraticável, devido ao alto custo de aparelhagem empregada. A esplenectomia, nestes pacientes, esta indicada quando o baço acha-se muito aumentado, na vigência de hiperesplenismo e na necessidade cada vez maior de glóbulos
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemoglobinopathies/genetics , Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics , Hemoglobins/physiology , Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics , Blood Transfusion , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Hemoglobinopathies/therapy , Hemoglobinuria/genetics , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Pedigree , Splenectomy , Thalassemia/geneticsABSTRACT
This paper gives a summary of the theoretical analysis of the processes of gas exchange in the lungs. It brings out the effect of changes in the rate of equilibration of gases across the membrane due to a variety of factors. It brings out that the length of the capillary over which complete equilibration occurs is infinitesimally small, hence a diffusion defect is seldom a cause of hypoxaemia in disease unless the character of membrane changes like in interstitial fibrosis or pneumoconiosis. The increase in length of capillary for complete equilibrium is significant in hypoxia of high altitude and left ventricular failure causing dilatation of pulmonary capillaries.